Italy and Cuba: the right to health is a common founding principle
From Article 32 of the Italian Constitution to Article 72 of the Cuban Constitution, the universal right to health provides the common ground on which Italy and Cuba have built - despite profoundly different political and economic contexts - healthcare systems based on primary care, prevention, and community-based services. These models, while currently facing delays and significant challenges, invite reflection on how the protection of health remains one of the most important indicators of a country's level of civilization, social justice, and the quality of its democracy.
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Article 32, paragraph 1 of the Constitution of the Italian Republic states that: health is a fundamental and collective right; the Republic guarantees access to care; the right to health cannot be transferred or ceded: it is inalienable and inalienable; it is a universal right, belonging to all, without discrimination; it is a subjective right of the individual; it is irreducible and essential.