Measles, mumps and rubella outbreaks still represent an healthcare issue, even though major advancements have been done towards their eradication. A poor inclination towards Mmr (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccination may constitute a major cause of increased risk to contract one of these diseases amongst specific population groups like migrants, alternative medicine users, some religious groups, healthcare professionals.
Information on Mmr vaccines coverage amongst these and others “hard-to-reach” groups was included in a document made and published Ecdc in range of the European project Venice II (Vaccine European New Integrated Collaboration Effort II). Main aim of the document was to provide a complete review of measles, mumps and rubella focuses which have been reported in the last twenty years in Europe.
An update on Mmr
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The arms race between humans and microbes
A future without effective antibiotics for some infections is possible. Only 70 years ago, penicillin discovery have changed infectious diseases treatment, reducing deaths and illness. However, the high microbial adaptability has appeared few years later drug discovery: already in his Nobel Prize speech in 1945, Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin, warned that bacteria could become resistant to these remarkable substances. Between 1940 and 1990, 29 classes of antibiotics with different mechanisms of action have been discovered and