Measles, mumps and rubella outbreaks still represent an healthcare issue, even though major advancements have been done towards their eradication. A poor inclination towards Mmr (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccination may constitute a major cause of increased risk to contract one of these diseases amongst specific population groups like migrants, alternative medicine users, some religious groups, healthcare professionals.
Information on Mmr vaccines coverage amongst these and others “hard-to-reach” groups was included in a document made and published Ecdc in range of the European project Venice II (Vaccine European New Integrated Collaboration Effort II). Main aim of the document was to provide a complete review of measles, mumps and rubella focuses which have been reported in the last twenty years in Europe.
An update on Mmr
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Close encounters of the third kind
di Ilaria Capua
In the globalised environment, the interconnection and interdependence of economies enable pathogens to spread in unprecedented ways and extents. Human to human transmission (close encounters of the first kind) occur with pathogens that are well adapted to the human host, and spread between countries and continents. In a similar way, pathogens spreading between animals (close encounters of the second kind) spread not only within a farm, but also between different farms, due to trade, or live animals or vector movement, in a transboundary manner.